Races: a study of the problems of race formation in man. Homoplasy and the early hominid masticatory system: inferences from analyses of extant hominoids and papioni. How reliable are human phylogenetic hypotheses? Proc. A human genome diversity cell line panel.
19, 789–807.Ĭann, H.M., de Toma, C., Cazes, L., Legrand, M.-F., Morel, V., Piouffre, L., Bodmer, J., Bodmer, W.F., Bonne-Tamir, B., Cambon-Thomsen, A., Chen, Z., Chu, J., Carcassi, C., Contu, L., Du, R., Excoffier, L., Friedlaender, J.S., Groot, H., Gurwitz, D., Herrera, R.J., Huang, X., Kidd, J., Kidd, K.K., Langaney, A., Lin, A.A., Mehdi, S.Q., Parham, P., Piazza, A., Pistillo, M.P., Qian, Y., Shu, Q., Xu, J., Zhu, S., Weber, J.L., Greely, H.T., Feldman, M.W., Thomas, G., Dausse t, J., Cavalli-Sforza, L.L., 2002.
Late archaic and modern Homo sapiens from Europe, Africa and Southwest Asia: Craniometric comparisons and phylogenetic implications. (Eds.), Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution. Africa’s place in the evolution of Homo sapiens. The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, pp. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop. Introduction to methods for landmark data. Climate and the evolution of brachycephalization. A morphometric analysis of maxillary molar crowns of Middle-Late Pleistocene hominins. Vault and temporal bone centroid sizes were associated with climate and particularly temperature facial centroid size was associated with genetic distances. Results indicated a stronger relationship of the shape of the vault and the temporal bone with neutral genetic distances, and a stronger association of facial shape with climate. The distance matrices obtained were then compared to neutral genetic distances and to climatic differences among the same or closely matched groups. Morphological distances among ten recent human populations were calculated from the face, vault and temporal bone using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics methods. Here we test the hypotheses that cranial morphology is related to population history among recent humans, and that different cranial regions reflect population history and local climate differentially. The basicranium, on the other hand, and in particular the temporal bone, is thought to be largely genetically determined and has been argued to preserve a strong phylogenetic signal with little possibility of homoplasy. Other parts are thought to be particularly responsive to selection for adaptation to local climate. Some parts of the face and neurocranium are thought to be relatively developmentally flexible, and therefore to be subject to the epigenetic influence of the environment. However, it has been suggested that different cranial regions preserve phylogenetic information differentially.
Herein we provide a concise review of the literature on B-waves, including a critical assessment of non-invasive methods for obtaining B-wave surrogates.The usefulness of cranial morphology in reconstructing the phylogeny of closely related taxa is often questioned due to the possibility of convergence or parallelism and epigenetic response to the environment. With the still unmet need for a clinically acceptable method for acquiring intracranial compliance, and the revival of ICP waveform analysis, B-waves are moving back into the research focus. Recently renamed and redefined as slow waves with an extended range of 0.33 to 3 cycles per minute, specific changes in their pattern of occurrence are considered to be indicative of reduced intracranial compliance. B-waves were originally defined to occupy the 0.5 to 2 cycles per minute frequency range. The B-wave is one of the features of the ICP waveform, reflecting vasogenic activity of cerebral autoregulation. Its translation to widespread clinical use is dependent on the possibility to derive relevant metrics such as intracranial compliance reliably and non-invasively. Intracranial pressure (ICP) waveform analysis is seeing a revival driven by advances in our understanding of cerebrospinal fluid and pressure dynamics. There are no clinically accepted methods to measure intracranial compliance available to date. It is encountered in, but not limited to, traumatic brain injury, cerebral edema, and hydrocephalus. Reduced intracranial compliance is a key manifestation common to a number of pathological conditions of the brain.
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